Accurate Heterogeneous Dose Calculation for Lung Cancer Patients without High Resolution CT Densities

 

Jonathan G. Li, Anneyuko I. Saito, Chihray Liu, Kenneth R. Olivier, James F. Dempsey

Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

 


Purpose
To investigate the accuracy of megavoltage photon-beam dose calculations using bulk densities applied to 4 distinct regions identified as air, lung, soft tissue, and bone when compared to dose calculations with a full density CT. We are investigating the accuracy of this technique for use in an on-board MRI image-guided radiation therapy device under development at our institution.


Material and methods

Full CT resolution and bulk density treatment plans were generated for 17 lung patients using a commercial planning system with a convolution dose calculation algorithm. Bulk densities were applied to regions identified by an isodensity segmentation tool for each case. Individual and population-averaged densities were compared to the full resolution plan for each case. DVH and dose difference distributions were examined for all cases.


Results
The average densities as determined by CT numbers of the segmented air, lung, soft tissue and bone for the entire set of patients were 0.15, 0.32, 0.98 and 1.11 g/cc, respectively. In all cases, the normal tissue DVH agreed to better than 1%. In 15 out of 17 cases, the target DVH agreed to better than 1%, while 2 cases with bullous emphysema showed inconsistent lung density and agreed to within 5%.


Conclusions
Dose calculation applying bulk tissue density to four regions provides an accurate method of heterogeneous dose calculation, which can be employed with MRI planning data. Dose calculation accuracy in cases with ehphysemic lung can be improved by assigning air to regions with bullous changes in the lung.