TS01-Medical Use of Byproduct Material: Radiation Safety Regulations

1C02-Medical Use of Byproduct Material: Radiation Safety Regulations

Anthony Tse, PhD

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission

The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulates the Nation’s civilian use of byproduct, source, and special nuclear materials.  NRC’s responsibilities cover safety and security in nuclear power plants, fuel cycle facilities, and use of byproduct, source, and special nuclear materials in industries, universities, and medical practices.  NRC accomplishes its mission through rulemaking, licensing, inspection, enforcement, and open and clear communications. 

In hospitals or clinics, NRC regulates activities involving byproduct and source materials, but not machines that electronically produce radiation or accelerator-produced radioactive materials.  NRC’s regulation, 10 CFR Part 35, specifies administrative requirements (e.g., recordkeeping, reporting) and technical requirements (e.g., safety procedures, full calibration measurements).  In addition, the licensees are required to comply with other Parts in 10 CFR, such as Part 20, “Standards for Protection Against Radiation.”  

NRC also authorizes physician users, nuclear pharmacists, medical physicists, and radiation safety officers; and recognizes certifications from certain specialty boards as evidence to demonstrate that the individual’s training and experience meet NRC requirements.  NRC is revising regulations on training and experience.  A proposed rule was published on December 9, 2003.  The proposed requirements will be discussed.

TS01-副产品材料的医学用途：辐射安全制度

1C02-副产品材料的医学用途：辐射安全制度

Anthony Tse, PhD

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission

美国原子能管理委员会(NRC) 管理着整个国家的副产品、源和特别核材料的民用用途。NRC的职责是保证核能设备、燃料循环设备和副产品、源和特殊核材料在工业、大学和医学实践中的使用的安全。NRC通过建立法规、批准执照、检查、强制执行、和打开和清除通信的方式来完成它的任务。

在医院或诊所中，NRC的管理行为围绕副产品和源材料，而不包括利用电产生辐射的机器和加速器产生的放射性材料。NRC法规10 CFR的 Part 35, 详述了管理上的要求（如记录保存、报告）和技术上的要求（如安全程序、完整的校正测量）。另外，领到执照的人还被要求要遵守10 CFR中的其它内容，如Part 20“放射防护标准”。

NRC也批准医师、核药剂师、医学物理师和辐射安全官员，并承认来自于某些专业委员会的证书，作为个人接受的训练和具有的经验已符合NRC要求的证据。NRC正在修订关于训练和经验的规定。一项法规提案已经在2003年12月9日发表。这项提案中的要求将会被讨论。